In Section 1.6 you wrote an abstract for a problem that you had not studied in detail. Here you will write an abstract for the reindeer-lichen problem that you have studied. Just as in Section 1.6, follow the P'HAPI outline closely.

Open the course in a second window to review the introduction to P'HAPI in Section 1.6 (page before the quiz). Here are some additional advice regarding writing an abstract:

1. Limit the abstract to maximum three lines per letter in P'HAPI, preferably two lines. This means that you have to focus on what is most important. Typical abstracts in journal articles are about 150 words long.

2. After writing your abstract, read it over again and again and check that the text really matches the letters of P'HAPI.

3. Click to open this readability test and copy your abstract into the test window. Click on "Process Text" and look at the Gunning Fog index to see how many years of education your audience needs in order to understand your abstract on the first reading. The test considers length of words and length of sentences. If your text requires more years of education than what your intended audience has, simplify the text and check again. Save the web address for later use.

4. Ask friends and family to comment on your abstract. You may also engage your fellow students in a discussion of your abstract or of the expected content in different steps of the P'HAPI.

5. Give friendly and constructive feedback to other students. Keep in mind that that there exists no one correct abstract, only abstracts that can be improved for different audiences.