This chapter presents both the mandatory and recommended literature per chapter. Please do not worry, the course instructors have ensured that the required course literature only contains open access literature. This ensures that everyone has access to the required course literature. The recommended literature is not all open access, but we would like to present this literature since it enhances your understanding of Group Model Building.

After presenting the literature of each chapter, you will see a red square button with the text "Back to Chapter ...". Clicking on this button will take you to the pages of this chapter. When you want to go directly to the scientific article, please click on the DOI of this article. This link will immediately guide you to the article.

Chapter 1. Group Model Building

Required literature

Broekhuizen, H., Lansu, M. E. M., Gajeskhi, J., Pittalis, C., Ifeanyichi, M. I., Juma, A., Marealle, P., Kataika, E., Chilonga, K., Rouwette, E., Brugha, R., & Bijlemakers. (2020). Using Group Model Building to Capture the Complex Dynamics of Scaling Up District-Level Surgery in Arusha Region, Tanzania. International Journal of Health Policy and Management x(x), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.249

Recommended literature

Vennix, J.A.M. (1999), Group model-building: tackling messy problems. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 15: 379-401. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199924)15:4<379::AID-SDR179>3.0.CO;2-E

Chapter 2. Complex Problems and Decision-making Tactics

Required literature

Guariguata, L., Rouwette, E. A., Murphy, M. M., Saint Ville, A., Dunn, L. L., Hickey, G. M., ...; Unwin, N. (2020). Using group model building to describe the system driving unhealthy eating and identify intervention points: A participatory, stakeholder engagement approach in the Caribbean. Nutrients, 12(2), 384.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020384

Bleijenbergh, I. L., & Van Engen, M. (2015). Participatory modeling to support gender equality: The importance of including stakeholders. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 34(5), 422-438. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-06-2013-0045

Recommended literature

Ackoff, R. L. (1974). Redesigning the future. A systems approach to societal problems. New York: Wiley.

Ackoff, R. L. (1979). The future of operational research is past. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 30(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.2307/3009290

Adya, M., & Phillips-Wren, G. (2020). Stressed decision makers and use of decision aids: A literature review and conceptual model. Information Technology & People, 33(2), 710–754. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-04-2019-0194

Argyris, C. (1997). Learning and Teaching: A Theory of Action Perspective. Journal of Management Education, 21(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/105256299702100102

Camillus, J.C. (2008) Strategy as a Wicked Problem. Harvard Business Review, 86, 98-101.Rittel, H.W.J., Webber, M.M. Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sci 4, 155–169 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730

Darley, J. M., & Latane, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4, Pt.1), 377–383. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025589

Diederich, A., & Trueblood, J. S. (2018). A dynamic dual process model of risky decision making. Psychological review, 125(2), 270.

Englich, B., Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (2006). Playing dice with criminal sentences: The influence of irrelevant anchors on experts’ judicial decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(2), 188-200.

Furnham, A., & Boo, H. C. (2011). A literature review of the anchoring effect. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2010.10.008

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success. Little, Brown and Co.

Jacowitz, K. E., & Kahneman, D. (1995). Measures of anchoring in estimation tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(11), 1161–1166. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952111004

Janis, I. L. (1972). Victims of groupthink: A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes. Houghton Mifflin.

Janis, I. L., & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. Free Press.

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Kaufman, M. (1994). Men, feminism, and men’s contradictory experiences of power. Theorizing masculinities, 5, 142.

Korsgaard, M. A., Schweiger, D. M., & Sapienza, H. J. (1995). Building Commitment, Attachment, and Trust in Strategic Decision-Making Teams: The Role of Procedural Justice. The Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 60–84.

Lönngren, J. & Poeck, K. (2020). Wicked problems: a mapping review of the literature. The International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 1-23. 10.1080/13504509.2020.1859415.

Lu, L., Yuan, Y. C., & McLeod, P. L. (2012). Twenty-five years of hidden profiles in group decision making: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 54–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311417243

Mandler, G. (1984). Mind and Body: Psychology of Emotion and Stress. New York: Norton.

Nijstad, Bernard & De Dreu, Carsten. (2012). Motivated information processing in organizational teams: Progress, puzzles, and prospects. Research in Organizational Behavior. 32. 87–111. 10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.004.

Nutt, P.C. (2002), Making Strategic Choices. Journal of Management Studies, 39: 67-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00283

Oatley, K. (1992). Best laid schemes: The psychology of emotions. Cambridge University Press; Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme.

Philpot, R., Liebst, L. S., Levine, M., Bernasco, W., & Lindegaard, M. R. (2020). Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts. The American psychologist, 75(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000469

Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 1467–1478. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1467

Teigen, K. H. (1994). Yerkes-Dodson: A law for all seasons. Theory & Psychology, 4(4), 525–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354394044004

Turner, M. E., & Pratkanis, A. R. (1998). A social identity maintenance model of groupthink. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 73(2-3), 210-235.

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7455683

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological review, 90(4), 293.

Vennix, J. A. M. (1996) Group model building: facilitated team learning using system dynamics. Chichester: Wiley

Vennix, J.A.M. (1999), Group model-building: tackling messy problems. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 15: 379-401. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199924)15:4<379::AID-SDR179>3.0.CO;2-E

Whitmarsh, L., Xenias, D., & Jones, C. R. (2019). Framing effects on public support for carbon capture and storage. Palgrave Communications, 5(1). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-019-0217-x

Yerkes, R.M., & Dodson, J.D. (1908). The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit Formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology & Psychology, 18, 459–482. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.920180503

Chapter 3. Participatory Modelling

Required literature

Rouwette, E.A.J.A., Bleijenbergh, I., and Vennix, J.A.M. (2016) Group model-building to support public policy: addressing a conflicted situation in a problem neighbourhood. Systems Research and Behavioral Science 33: 64– 78. doi: 10.1002/sres.2301.

Vennix, J.A.M. (1996) Group model building: facilitated team learning using system dynamics. Chichester: Wiley

Recommended literature

Ackermann, F., & Eden, C. (2011). Strategic management of stakeholders: theory and practice . Long Range Planning, 44(3), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2010.08.001

Ackoff, R. L. (1974). Redesigning the future: A systems approach to societal problems. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Bryson, J. M. (2004). What to do when stakeholders matter: stakeholder identification and analysis techniques. Public management review, 6(1), 21-53.

De Dreu, C. K. W., Nijstad, B. A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2008). Motivated information processing in group judgment and decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(1), 22–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868307304092

De Gooyert, V. & Rouwette, E. & Kranenburg, H. & Freeman, R.. (2017). Reviewing the role of stakeholders in Operational Research: A stakeholder theory perspective. European Journal of Operational Research. 262. 10.1016/j.ejor.2017.03.079.

Freeman, R.E. (1984) Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Pitman, Boston.

Green, A., & Hunton-Clarke, L. (2003). A typology of stakeholder participation for company environmental decision‐making. Business Strategy and The Environment, 12, 292-299.

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Luna-Reyes, L.F., Martinez-Moyano, I., Pardo, T.A, Cresswell, A.M, Andersen, D.F., Richardson, G.P. (2006). Anatomy of a group model-building intervention: building dynamic theory from case study research. System Dynamics Review, 22(4), 291-320. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.349

Mitroff, I. I. (1983). Archetypal social systems analysis: On the deeper structure of human systems. The Academy of Management Review, 8(3), 387–397. https://doi.org/10.2307/257827

Nutt, P. C., & Backoff, R. W. (1992). Strategic management of public and third sector organisations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Parmar, B. L., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Purnell, L., & De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 403-445.

Phillips, L. D., & Phillips, M. C. (1993). Faciliated work groups: theory and practice. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 44(6), 533-549.

Poole, M. S., & Roth, J. (1989). Decision development in small groups: IV. A typology of group decision paths. Human Communication Research, 15(3), 323–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1989.tb00188.x

Schein, E. H. (1987). The clinical perspective in fieldwork. Sage Publications, Inc.

Sterling, E.J. et al. (2019). Try, try again: Lessons learned from success and failure in participatory modeling. Elementa, Science of the Anthropocene, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.347

Sterling, M., de Zoete, R. M. J., Coppieters, I., & Farrell, S. F. (2019). Best Evidence Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain Part 4: Neck Pain. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(8), 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081219

Vennix, J.A.M. (1999), Group model-building: tackling messy problems. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 15: 379-401. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1727(199924)15:4<379::AID-SDR179>3.0.CO;2-E

Chapter 4. Models and System Dynamics

Required literature

Meadows, D.H. (2008) Thinking in systems: A primer. Chelsea Green, White River Junction.

Recommended literature

Black, L.J., & Andersen, D.F. (2012). Using visual representations as boundary objects to resolve conflict in collaborative model-building approaches. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 29, 194-208.

Cash, D. W., & Belloy, P. G. (2020). Salience, credibility and legitimacy in a rapidly shifting world of knowledge and action. Sustainability, 12(18), 7376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187376

De Gooyert, V., Rouwette, E., Van Kranenburg, H., Freeman, E., Van Breen, H. (2022). Cognitive change and consensus forming in facilitated modelling: A comparison of experienced and observed outcomes. European Journal of Operational Research. 299(2). 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.09.007

Franco, L. A. (2013). Rethinking soft OR interventions: Models as boundary objects. European Journal of Operational Research, 231(3), 720-733

Größler, A., & Zock, A. (2010). Supporting long‐term workforce planning with a dynamic aging chain model: A case study from the service industry. Human Resource Management, 49(5), 829-848.

Lyre, H. (2018). Socially extended cognition and shared intentionality. Frontiers in Psychology 9.

Richardson, G. P. (1991). System dynamics: Simulation for policy analysis from a feedback perspective. In Qualitative simulation modeling and analysis (pp. 144-169). New York, NY: Springer New York.

Saltelli, A., Bammer, G., Bruno, I., Charters, E., Di Fiore, M., Didier, E., Nelson Espeland, W., Kay, J., Lo Piano, S., Mayo, D., Pielke, R., Jr, Portaluri, T., Porter, T. M., Puy, A., Rafols, I., Ravetz, J. R., Reinert, E., Sarewitz, D., Stark, P. B., Stirling, A., … Vineis, P. (2020). Five ways to ensure that models serve society: a manifesto. Nature, 582(7813), 482–484. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01812-9.

Scott, R.J., Cavana, R.Y. and Cameron, D. (2016). Recent evidence on the effectiveness of group model building European Journal of Operational Research, 249(3): 908-918.

Sterman, J. (2010). Business dynamics : systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

Weiskopf, D. A. (2010). Concepts and the modularity of thought. Dialectica 64 (1):107-130.

Chapter 5. Systems Thinking and Archetypes

Required literature

Wolstenholme, E.F. (2003), Towards the definition and use of a core set of archetypal structures in system dynamics. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 19: 7-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.259

Recommended literature

Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday.

Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., & Randers, J. (1992). Beyond the Limits: Confronting Global Collapse, Envisioning a Sustainable Future. Post Mills, Vt. : Chelsea Green Publishing Company.

Chapter 6. Critical Perspectives

Required literature

Kaplan, S. (2008). Framing contests: Strategy making under uncertainty. Organization Science, 19(5), 729-752.

Recommended literature

Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 50. 179-211. 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.

Andersen, D. F., Maxwell, T. A., Richardson, G. P., & Stewart, T. R. (1994, July). Mental models and dynamic decision making in a simulation of welfare reform. In Proceedings of the 1994 International System Dynamics Conference (pp. 11-18). System Dynamics Society Chestnut Hill.

Black, L., & Andersen, D. (2012). Using visual representations as boundary objects to resolve conflict in collaborative model-building approaches. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 29(2), 194–208.

De Gooyert, V. (2016). Stakeholder dynamics in the Dutch energy transition; Towards a shared frame of reference. (PhD), Radboud University, Nijmegen.

Doyle, J. K., & Ford, D. N. (1998). Mental models concepts for system dynamics research. System dynamics review: the Journal of the System Dynamics Society, 14(1), 3-29.

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior. An introduction to theory and research (Vol. ). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2011). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach: Taylor & Francis.

Franco, L. A., Rouwette, E. A. J. A., Korzilius, H. (2015). Different paths to consensus? The impact of need for closure on model-supported group conflict management. European Journal of Operational Research. European Journal of Operational Research. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2015.06.056

Geurts, J., & Vennix, J. (1989). Verkenningen in beleidsanalyse: theorie en praktijk van modelbouw en simulatie. Zeist: Kerkebosch.

Lawler, E. J., & Yoon, J. (1998). Network structure and emotions in exchange relations. American Sociological Review, 63(6), 871-894.

Lawler, E. J., Thye, S. R., & Yoon, J. (2008). Social exchange and micro social order. American Sociological Review, 73(4), 519-542.

McCardle-Keurentjes, M. H. F. (2015). Facilitated modelling and hidden profiles. An experimental evaluation of group model building. Unpublished doctoral thesis , Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

McCardle-Keurentjes, M. H. F., Rouwette, E. A. J. A., & Vennix, J. A. M. (2008). Effectiveness of group model building in discovering hidden profiles in strategic decision-making. Paper presented at the System Dynamics Conference, Athens.

McCardle-Keurentjes, M., Rouwette, E. A. J. A., Vennix, J. A. M., & Jacobs, E. (2009). Is group model building worthwhile? Considering the effectiveness of GMB. In: Proceedings of the International System Dynamics Conference 2009, Albany: System Dynamics Society. https://proceedings.systemdynamics.org/2009/proceed/papers/P1257.pdf

Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250

Nisbett, R., & Wilson, T. (1977). Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84(3), 231-259.

Richardson, G.P., Andersen, D.A., Maxwell, T.A., and Stewart, T.R. (1994). Foundations of mental model research. Proceedings of the I994 International System Dynamics Conference, Stirling, Scotland, July 1 1 - 15. Vol: Problem-Solving Methodologes, gp. 18 1- 192.

Rouwette, E. A. J. A. (2003). Group model building as mutual persuasion. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers

Rouwette, E. A. J. A. (2016). The impact of group model building on behavior. In Kunc, M., Malpass, J., & White, L. (Eds.) Behavioral Operational Research: Theory, Methodology and Practice. London: Palgrave MacMillan: 213-241.

Rouwette, E. A. J. A., & Vennix, J. A. M. (2006). System dynamics and organizational interventions. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 23(4), 451-466.

Rouwette, E. A. J. A., Korzilius, H., Vennix, J.A.M., & Jacobs, E. (2011). Modeling as persuasion: the impact of group model building on attitudes and behavior. System Dynamics Review, 27(1), 1-21.

Rouwette, E. A. J. A., Vennix, J. A. M., & Felling, A. J. A. (2009). On evaluating the performance of problem structuring methods: an attempt at formulating a conceptual model. Group Decision Negotiation, 18, 567- 586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-007-9100-z

Rouwette, E. A. J. A., Vennix, J. A. M., & Van Mullekom, T. (2002). Group model building effectiveness. A review of assessment studies. System Dynamics Review, 18(1), 5-45.

Scott, R. J., Cavana, R. Y., & Cameron, D. (2016). Recent evidence on the effectiveness of group model building. European Journal of Operational Research, 249(3).

Snow, D. A., Rochford Jr, E. B., Worden, S. K., & Benford, R. D. (1986). Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 464-481.

Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1467-1478.

Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (2003). Hidden profiles: A brief history. Psychological Inquiry, 14(3-4), 304- 313.

Tavella, E., & Franco, L. A. (2015). Dynamics of group knowledge production in facilitated modelling workshops: an exploratory study. Group Decision and Negotiation, 24(3), 451-475.

Van Nistelrooij, L., Rouwette, E., Verstijnen, I., & Vennix, J. (2012). Power-levelling as an effect of group model building. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2012 International System Dynamics Conference.

Chapter 7. Preparing a Group Model Building Intervention

Required literature

Richardson, G. P., & Andersen, D. F. (1995). Teamwork in group model building. System Dynamics Review, 11(2), 113-137.
Schein, E. H. (1990). A general philosophy of helping: process consultation. Sloan Management Review, 31(3), 57-64.

Vennix, J. A. M. (1996). Group model building. Facilitating team learning using system dynamics. Chichester: Wiley.
Wilkerson, B., Aguiar Rodriguez, A., Gkini, C., Czermainski de Oliveira, I., Trellevik, L. K. L., & Kopainsky, B. (2020). Reflections on adapting group model building scripts into online workshops. System Dynamics Review, 36(3), 358-372. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.1662

Recommended literature

Chapter 8. Structuring a Group Model Building Intervention

Required literature

Recommended literature

Chapter 9. Facilitator Attitudes, Skills and Tasks

Required literature

Recommended literature

Chapter 10. Recognizing and Handling Group Issues

Required literature

Recommended literature

Chapter 11. Communicating Group Model Building Results

Required literature

Recommended literature

Chapter 12. Evaluating Group Model Building Interventions

Required literature

Recommended literature